The Cause of Low Yield of the Second Crop Rice in Relation to the Measures of Increasing Its Productivity in Central Taiwan (台中農改場 特刊第9號) - 農業知識入口網

. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................1

II. STUDIES ONTHE STATUS AND CAUSES OF LOW YIELD OF THE SECOND CROP RICE IN CENTRAL TAIWAN..................................................................5
(I) Status of low yield of the second crop rice......................................................5
1. Crop yidls vary with years and hectarage..........................................................5
2. Crop yields vary with locations ........................................................................6
3. Importance of rice production in Taichung District.............................................6
4. Crop yield vary with geographical variation and Climate factors.........................9
5. New varieties response to crop season and locations........................................10
6. Effects of fertilizer application ..........................................................................14
7. Timing of nitrgen application.............................................................................16
8. Irriation methods..............................................................................................17
9. Platning time in the west coastal area................................................................17
(II)Cause of low yield of the second crops rice ..................................................18
1. Climatic factors influence on growth and yield of two crop rices........................18
(1) Air temperature ........................................................................................18
(2) Water temperature ...................................................................................20
(3) Soil temperature .......................................................................................21
(4) Solar radiation...........................................................................................21
(5) Wind velocity............................................................................................23
(6) Raifall and flood........................................................................................23
2. Physiological differences of growth and yield of two crop rices.........................23
(1) Plant hieght................................................................................................24
(2) Tiller number.............................................................................................24
(3) Growth duration........................................................................................26
(4) Grain yield and its Coponents....................................................................26
(5) Correlation analyses..................................................................................28
Summary and Conclusion............................................................................28

III. POSIBILITY OF INCREASING RICE YIELD OF SECOND CROP BY CONTROLLING WATER WATER AND SOIL TEMPERATURES...................30
METERALS AND METHODS.............................................................................30
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION............................................................................32
1. Air temperature of crop reasons .........................................................................32
2. Crop growth rate and duration affected by seasons..............................................32
3. Seasonal effect on vertical temperature................................................................35
4. Effects of treatments on vertical temperature .......................................................36
5. Effects of treatments on plant growth...................................................................39
6. Graini yield, dry matter and harvest index.............................................................42
7. Correlation analysis ............................................................................................44
DISCUSSION...................................................................................................51
SUMMARY......................................................................................................53

IV. MEASUREMENTS OF RAISING GRAIN YIELD OF SECOND CROP RICE IN ILL-DRAINAGE AREA........................................................................................57
MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................................57
Experiments 1. Varietal Adaptability in Flooded and Drained Conditions..................57
Experiments 2. Improvement of Percolation and Drainage in Ill-drained soil..............59
Experiments 3. Effects of Deep Tilith,Heavy Fertilization and Drainage.....................61
Experiments 4. Soil Percolation Related to Growth and Yield of Rice.......................61
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Experiments 1. Varietal Adaptability with Flooded and Drained Conditions..............62
1. Plant height.....................................................................................................62
2. Panicle number...............................................................................................62
3. Growth duration .............................................................................................65
4. Grain yield .....................................................................................................65
5. Lodging and sprouting.....................................................................................68
6. Correlation analysis ........................................................................................69
Experiment 2. Improvement of Percolation and Drainage in ill-drainage soil...............70
1. Soil Property ..................................................................................................70
2. Plant growth....................................................................................................78
3. Grain yield and other characteristics.................................................................79
4. Yield components............................................................................................83
5. Correlation analysis..........................................................................................83
Experiment 3. Effects of Deep Tilth, Heavy Fertilization and Drainage........................86
1. Soil property....................................................................................................86
2. Plant growth.....................................................................................................87
3. Damage to plant...............................................................................................89
4. Grain yield.......................................................................................................91
5. Correlation analysis..........................................................................................91
Experiment 4. Soil Percolation Related to Growth and Yield of Rice..........................92
1. Plant growth.....................................................................................................92
2. Percolation rate ...............................................................................................93
3. Grain and straw yields .....................................................................................93
4. Yield components and leaf color at maturity......................................................94
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
1. Damage of floods to second rice crop in ill-drainage area..................................95
2. Productivity of Homei ill-drainage soil...............................................................97
SUMMARY............................................................................................................99

V. MEASUREMENTS OF RAISING GRAIN YIELD OF THE SECOND GROP RICE IN CENTRAL WEST COASTAL AREA..............................................................104
MATERIALS AND METHODS............................................................................105
Experiment 1: Compartive yield Trials of Different Rice varieties...............................105
Experiment 2: Timing of Sowing and Transplanting for Two Crop Rice.....................105
Experiment 3: Varietal Response to Planting Time in Second Crop...........................106
Experiment 4: Methods of Double Rice Cropping System........................................107
Experiment 5: Methods of Water Management........................................................109
Experiment 6: Varietal Adaptability in the West Goastal Area...................................109
RESULT AND DISUSSION
Experiment 1: Compartaive Yield Trials of Different Rice Varieties...........................110
1. Eary maturing varieties ....................................................................................110
2. Japonica varieties ...........................................................................................111
3. Indica varieties ...............................................................................................111
4. Combined analysis for grain yields among groups.............................................114
Experiment 2: Timing of Sowing and Tranplanting for Two Crop Rices.....................117
1. First crop 1975...............................................................................................117
2. Second crop 1975..........................................................................................119
3. First crop 1976...............................................................................................121
4. Discussion and Conclusion...............................................................................126
Experiment 3: Varietal Response to Planting Time in Second Crop ..........................127
1. Plant growth....................................................................................................127
2. Grain yield......................................................................................................128
3. Yield Components and Correlated with grain yield ..........................................128
Experiment 4: Methods of Double Rice Cropping System........................................131
1. Growth duration..............................................................................................131
2. Grain yield .....................................................................................................134
3. Agronomic Characters and their correlation to grain yield.................................137
4. Grain yield affected by the date of maturity......................................................140
Experiment 5: Methods of Water management ........................................................140
1. Plant growth....................................................................................................140
2. Grain yield and straw yield...............................................................................144
3. Number of green leaves..................................................................................148
4. Soil nutrients...................................................................................................150
5. Grain yield correlated with agronomic charatcters............................................151
Experiment 6: Varietal Adaptability in West Coastal Area........................................151
1. Plant growth...................................................................................................151
2. Grain yield......................................................................................................153
3. Grain yield correlated to agronomic characters.................................................156
4. Recommendation............................................................................................156
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION...................................................................157
SUMMARY...........................................................................................................159

VI. GNERAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION............................................164
(I) Environmental Factors Constrained to Growth and Yield of Two Crop Rices.......164
1. Climatic differences of two crop rices...............................................................164
2. Soil conditions related to yield of two crop rices...............................................169
(II) Measurees for Raisiong the Yield of Second Crop Rice......................................173
1. Fertilizer application.........................................................................................173
2. Water management..........................................................................................174
3. Windbreaks.....................................................................................................175
4. Varietal selection.............................................................................................178
5. Planting time....................................................................................................179
6. Tilth and fertilization.........................................................................................182
7. Fallow treatment..............................................................................................183
8. Insects and diseases.........................................................................................184
9. Direct sowing..................................................................................................184
10. Ratoon rice....................................................................................................186

VII. ABSTRACT....................................................................................................201
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................201