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點帶石斑魚 (Epinephelus coioides)，中文俗名青斑、過魚、紅花、紅點虎麻，英文名Orange-spotted grouper。外觀體型呈長橢圓形，側扁粗壯，標準體長可以達體高的2.9-3.7倍。體色在頭部及背部呈黃褐色，腹部顏色較淡。另外在魚的全身及鰭分布許多橘褐色或紅色的斑點。點帶石斑主要分布於印度-西太平洋區，西至非洲東岸、紅海，東至西太平洋，北至日本南部，南至澳洲。臺灣則以西南部海域最多。喜好棲地是水質較混濁的沿岸礁區，幼魚經常在具有沙泥底的河口或沼澤區活動。食性為肉食性，主要以魚類及甲殼類為食。
點帶石斑魚和一般石斑魚一樣具有性轉變的特性，為雌先熟的魚種，即從魚苗階段到首次性成熟時先發育的是卵巢 (雌魚)，由雌魚變成雄魚需要經5-10年才會性轉變。點帶石斑魚的人工養殖技術已經相當成熟，而野生的點帶石斑魚常以拖網及一支釣捕獲，烹調方式以清蒸為佳。
參考文獻:
1. Meei Su, H., Sen Su, M., & Liao, I. C. (1997). Preliminary results of providing various combinations of live foods to grouper (Epinephelus coioides) larvae. Hydrobiologia, 358(1), 301-304.
2. Toledo, J. D., Golez, M. S., Doi, M., & Ohno, A. (1999). Use of copepod nauplii during early feeding stage of grouper Epinephelus coioides. Fisheries Science, 65(3), 390-397.
3. Su, H. M., Su, M. S., Tseng, K. F., & Liao, I. C. (2008). Development of techniques for enhancing seed production of Epinephelus coioides in Taiwan.
Orange-spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
The orange-spotted grouper, also known as qīng bān in Chinese, has an elongated oval-shaped body that is laterally compressed and robust. Its standard length can reach 2.9 to 3.7 times its body height. The head and dorsal areas are yellowish-brown, while the ventral region is lighter in color. The body and fins are covered with numerous orange-brown or reddish spots.
This species is mainly distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region, ranging from the eastern coast of Africa and the Red Sea in the west to the western Pacific in the east, extending north to southern Japan and south to Australia. In Taiwan, it is most commonly found in the southwestern coastal waters. It prefers habitats with turbid coastal reef areas, while juveniles are often found in estuaries or marshes with sandy or muddy bottoms. The orange-spotted grouper is carnivorous, primarily feeding on fish and crustaceans.
Like other groupers, the orange-spotted grouper exhibits sex change characteristics and is a protogynous hermaphrodite. It first develops as a female, with the ovaries maturing during the juvenile stage. The transition from female to male takes approximately 5 to 10 years. The artificial breeding technology for this species is well established, while wild specimens are commonly caught using trawl nets and hand lines. In culinary applications, steaming is considered the best way to prepare this fish.
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