棲息環境與生態習性 (Habitat and Ecological Characteristics of Groupers)
石斑魚的棲息環境與生態特性
石斑魚主要棲息在珊瑚礁或岩礁環境中,但少數物種也可在沙地或泥質底質的區域發現。部分石斑魚生活在深海,最深可達525 公尺(1,722 英尺),但大多數種類分布於10 至 200 公尺(33 至 656 英尺)之間的水域。在石斑魚屬中,最大的兩種分別是大西洋巨石斑魚(E. itajara)和鞍帶石斑魚(E. lanceolatus),牠們的體長可超過2 公尺(6.6 英尺),體重更可達400 公斤以上(880 磅)。大部分的石斑魚都是掠食性魚類,主要以甲殼類(如螃蟹、蝦)及其他魚類為食,通常在海底或近海底處捕食獵物。其中,波紋石斑(E. undulosus)是一種較為特殊的石斑魚,牠擁有較多且較長的鰓耙,並且曾被觀察到以浮游被囊類(如海樽)為食,顯示其攝食習性與其他石斑魚有所不同。許多石斑魚被認為是先雌後雄(雌性先成熟,之後轉變為雄性)的雌性先熟型雌雄同體(protogynous hermaphrodite)。然而,某些物種的族群中存在體型較小的雄性個體,這比部分雌性還小,顯示其性別轉換機制可能更為複雜,可能並非所有雌魚都會轉變為雄魚,甚至某些魚隻在性別分化過程可能直接發育為雄性,而未經歷雌性階段。
圖. 鞍帶石斑魚的體長可超過2 公尺
Groupers mainly inhabit coral reefs and rocky reef environments, though some species can also be found in sandy or muddy areas. A few species live in deep waters, reaching depths of up to 525 meters (1,722 feet), but most are found between 10 and 200 meters (33 to 656 feet). The two largest species in the Epinephelus genus, the E. itajara and the giant grouper E. lanceolatus, can grow over 2 meters (6.6 feet) in length and weigh more than 400 kilograms (880 pounds). These giants are frequently recorded in estuaries and harbors. Most groupers are predatory fish, feeding primarily on crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp, as well as other fish, usually hunting near or on the ocean floor. Many groupers are believed to be protogynous hermaphrodites, meaning they mature first as females and later transition into males.























