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鞍帶石斑魚 (Epinephelus lanceolatus)，俗名龍膽石斑、過魚、槍頭石斑魚、倒吞鱟、鴛鴦鱠，英文名Giant grouper 。體形呈橢圓形且非常健壯，眼睛的部份較小，但口部很大，口中具有細齒，尾鰭圓形，在幼體時期體色呈黃色，且具有三塊不規則之黑色斑，隨著成長，黑色斑內慢慢散佈不規則之白或黃色斑點，以及各鰭具黑色斑點；大型成魚體則呈現暗褐色，且各鰭色更暗。鞍帶石斑魚為石斑魚類中體型最大者，有「斑王」之美稱，天然海域中曾有捕獲288公斤的記錄。
鞍帶石斑魚分布於印度-太平洋區，西起非洲東岸、紅海，北至日本南部，南至澳洲西北部。臺灣地區則在東北部海域有產，棲息的環境主要在於沿岸礁區，亦會出現於河口地區。通常被發現於洞穴或岩縫間。為肉食性魚種，以魚類及甲殼類為食。鞍帶石斑魚肉質鮮美有彈性，為高經濟性之食用魚，也常用於水族館展示，已能完全人工養殖，成長速率快，適合在於陸上魚塭或海上箱網養殖。
參考文獻:
1. Palma, P., Takemura, A., Libunao, G. X., Superio, J., de Jesus-Ayson, E. G., Ayson, F., ... & Elizur, A. (2019). Reproductive development of the threatened giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus. Aquaculture, 509, 1-7.
2. 何源興, 陳文義, & 廖一久. (1997). 鞍帶石斑 Epinephelus lanceolatus 之人工繁殖. 水產研究 5(2), 129-139.
Giant Grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus)
The giant grouper has an oval-shaped, extremely robust body. Its eyes are relatively small, but its mouth is large, lined with fine teeth. The caudal fin is rounded. As juveniles, they have a yellow body with three irregular black blotches. As they grow, white or yellow irregular spots gradually appear within the black blotches, and black spots develop on the fins. Large adult individuals take on a dark brown coloration, with even darker fins. The giant grouper is the largest species among groupers and is known as the "king of groupers," with a recorded wild specimen reaching 288 kg.
This species is distributed across the Indo-Pacific region, ranging from the eastern coast of Africa and the Red Sea in the west to southern Japan in the north and northwestern Australia in the south. In Taiwan, it is primarily found in the northeastern coastal waters. Its preferred habitat includes coastal reefs and estuarine areas, where it is often found in caves or rock crevices. As a carnivorous species, it primarily feeds on fish and crustaceans.
The flesh of the giant grouper is firm, elastic, and highly prized, making it a valuable food fish. It is also commonly displayed in aquariums. The species has been successfully bred in captivity, with a fast growth rate, making it well-suited for both land-based pond culture and offshore cage farming.
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