大花咸豐草的繁殖與競爭策略 - 農業知識入口網

大花咸豐草 (Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip.) 為菊科鬼針草屬植物，是臺灣20 種危害力最高的入侵雜草之一。有幾項特質使之成為優勢入侵種，包括環境適應性廣、種子發芽強勢及降低自交比例等，是大花咸豐草能快速拓展棲地的特性，幫助其於不同環境間落地生存時，迅速適應新棲地與拓殖繁衍範圍。大花咸豐草亦會與它種植物高度競爭環境資源與生存空間，讓共域生長之鄰近植物逐漸消失，再加上根部分泌的酚類化合物對其它植物產生剋他作用 (allelopathy)，能使大花咸豐草在短時間內大量繁殖並占有優勢。本文擬探討大花咸豐草繁殖適應性、競爭機制及剋他物質，藉以瞭解其快速入侵的特性，提供防治管理參考。
Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip., a member of the Asteraceae family, is one of the top 20 most invasive weeds in Taiwan. It possesses several traits that make it a dominant invasive species, including broad environmental adaptability, strong seed germination, and reduced self-pollination rate. These characteristics enable the B. pilosa to rapidly expand its habitat, allowing it to quickly adapt and proliferate in new environments. B. pilosa also competes intensely with other plants for environmental resources and living space, causing neighboring plants to gradually disappear. Additionally, the phenolic compounds secreted by its roots have allelopathic effects on other plants, enabling the B. pilosa to reproduce rapidly and establish dominance in a short period of time. This mini-review aims to explore the reproductive adaptability, competitive mechanisms, and allelopathic substances of the B. pilosa to further understand its rapid invasion, as well as to provide a reference for its management.