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棕點石斑魚 (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)俗名老虎斑、虎斑。外觀成橢圓形而粗壯，在口部特別大，口內的牙齒細而尖，體色呈現淡黃褐色，背部具有五個暗色鞍狀斑；尾柄具一黑色鞍狀斑；頭部、體側及各鰭另散佈許多小暗黑褐色斑點；眼後方腦勺凹陷為其特徵。廣泛的分佈於印度-太平洋區。西起非洲東岸，東至薩摩亞及費尼克斯群島，北自日本南部，南迄澳洲等。臺灣地區則分佈在台灣南部、西部、東北部及澎湖地區。棲息環境主要是以潟湖或海灣內之獨立礁周圍的水域，亦常常被發現於外礁斜坡區以及清澈水域。性情凶猛，屬於肉食性魚，主要以魚類及甲殼類為食。
虎斑肉質鮮美，為具經濟性之食用魚，也常被當作觀賞魚飼養在大型水族館中展示。已經可以完全人工養殖，對鹽度及溫度的適應範圍很廣，適合使用陸上魚塭或海上箱網養殖。目前產業界已較少單獨養虎斑，養殖虎斑主要目的在於做為雜交種-龍虎斑的雌性親本。
參考文獻:
1. Mustafa, S., Hajini, M. H., Senoo, S., & Kian, A. Y. S. (2015). Conditioning of broodstock of tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture Reports, 2, 117-119.
2. Ching, F. F., Nakagawa, Y., Kato, K., Miyashita, S., & Senoo, S. (2016). Effects of delayed first feeding on nutritional condition of tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) larvae. Aquaculture Reports, 3, 225-228.
3. Sugama, K., Rimmer, M. A., Ismi, S., Koesharyani, I., Suwirya, K., Giri, N. A., & Alava, V. R. (2012). Hatchery management of tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus): a best-practice manual. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR).
Brown-marbled Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)
The brown-marbled grouper, also known as lǎo hǔ bān, hǔ bān in Chinese. It has an oval-shaped, robust body with an exceptionally large mouth, lined with fine, sharp teeth. Its body color is light yellowish-brown, with five dark saddle-like blotches on the back and an additional black saddle blotch on the caudal peduncle. Numerous small dark brown spots are scattered across the head, body, and fins. A distinctive feature of this species is the depression on the head behind the eyes.
This species is widely distributed across the Indo-Pacific region, ranging from the eastern coast of Africa in the west to Samoa and the Phoenix Islands in the east, extending north to southern Japan and south to Australia. In Taiwan, it is found in the southern, western, and northeastern coastal waters, as well as around the Penghu Islands. The brown-marbled grouper primarily inhabits waters around isolated reefs in lagoons and bays. It is also frequently found on outer reef slopes and in clear waters. It is an aggressive carnivorous fish, mainly preying on fish and crustaceans.
The brown-marbled grouper has delicate and flavorful flesh, making it an economically valuable food fish. It is also commonly displayed in large aquariums as an ornamental species. The species has been successfully bred in captivity and exhibits a broad tolerance for variations in salinity and temperature, making it suitable for land-based pond culture and offshore cage farming. In the aquaculture industry, it is now rarely cultured as a standalone species; instead, it is primarily used as the female parent for hybrid breeding, particularly for producing the hybrid grouper (dragon-tiger grouper).
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